The Middle East conflict continues to develop with complex dynamics. 2023 has seen a number of significant events that shape the direction of political policy in the region. First, tensions between Israel and Palestine are increasing. Attacks carried out by Palestinian armed groups, as well as Israel’s military response, have caused a deep humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip. This sparked international condemnation as well as calls for a more permanent ceasefire. On the other hand, Iran continues to play a major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics. Iran’s nuclear program has prompted concerns among neighboring countries as well as the United States. Diplomatic dialogue between Iran and major powers appears to be stagnant, and renewed economic sanctions are making the situation even more complicated. Additionally, Iran continues to support proxy groups in countries such as Syria, Yemen, and Lebanon, adding to regional tensions. Yemen remains in a state of severe crisis. The civil war that has lasted for more than eight years has worsened the humanitarian situation. Despite peace efforts initiated by the UN, acts of violence between Houthi forces and the Yemeni government supported by the Saudi Arabian coalition continue. This instability has an impact on access to humanitarian aid, which is increasingly difficult for civilians to reach. Meanwhile, Türkiye’s influence in regional conflicts is increasingly visible. Türkiye’s foreign policy, especially its military intervention in Syria and relations with Azerbaijan and Iran, demonstrate Ankara’s growing ambition to become a regional leader. Türkiye is also active in diplomacy regarding the conflicts in Palestine and Yemen, trying to strengthen its position in the eyes of the Arab world. Lebanon is facing a severe economic crisis, with inflation and loss of livelihood hitting the people. The Hezbollah group remains a major actor in Lebanese politics, despite widespread criticism of its involvement in the Syrian conflict and popular dissatisfaction with its government. Overall, relations between the Persian Gulf countries, especially Saudi Arabia and the UAE, have experienced positive changes. Efforts to normalize relations with Israel are a bold step that will change the political map in the Middle East. However, challenges remain, especially in terms of regional stability and security facing threats from extremism. The ongoing crisis in the Middle East not only impacts the region, but also affects international relations at large. International mediators, including the United States and Russia, continue to seek peaceful solutions, although with often unsatisfactory results. This context creates an atmosphere of uncertainty among the people, but also provides opportunities for diplomacy and negotiations to resolve deep-seated conflicts. Going forward, the international community needs to pay close attention to these developments in order to support efforts towards sustainable peace in the Middle East.
