The geopolitical dynamics of Southeast Asia in the digital era reflect the complex interactions between countries in this region which are influenced by developments in technology and communications. Digital transformation has changed the way countries act, both in diplomatic and security contexts. One of the main aspects of this dynamic is the increasing influence of the digital economy. Countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam have invested heavily in digital infrastructure. This not only accelerated economic growth but also attracted the attention of major powers such as China and the United States who sought to expand their influence through investment in the technology sector. The existence of digital platforms also influences domestic politics. Social media has become a powerful tool for opposition groups to voice opinions in authoritarian countries such as Myanmar and Cambodia. However, the government often responds by curbing freedom of expression. For example, laws regarding digital content and internet surveillance are becoming stricter. In terms of security, the digital era presents new challenges, including cyber threats. Countries in Southeast Asia show increasing awareness of the importance of cyber security. Regional cooperation, such as the ASEAN Cybersecurity Cooperation Strategy, is sought to overcome this problem. Geopolitical behavior is also increasingly influenced by non-traditional issues. Climate change and food security are important focuses in this region. With data analytics, countries can be more proactive in responding to these challenges, demonstrating resilience through cross-border collaboration. Meanwhile, in the context of international relations, the Indo-Pacific has emerged as the main geopolitical strategy. With the involvement of external countries, such as Australia and India, ASEAN must navigate this power shift in an effort to maintain regional integration and stability. Digitalization also facilitates deeper ASEAN integration. Through digital initiatives, cross-border trade and investment can be carried out more easily. However, the digital divide between developing and developed countries needs to be overcome so that all countries in the region can participate equally in the global digital economy. The interaction between big powers such as China and the United States in the context of technology is an unavoidable issue. Competition in the development of 5G technology and artificial intelligence is changing the way Southeast Asian countries strategy. Many countries are trying to build balanced relations, avoiding dependence on one party. Digital advances also introduce the potential for social inclusion. Digital platforms provide access to education and economic opportunities for previously marginalized groups. However, it must be remembered that the issue of equality remains a challenge, given that not all individuals have the same access to technology. Looking to the future, digital content and algorithms influencing people’s behavioral patterns will likely become an increasing concern. Countries in the region need to consider balanced regulations to encourage innovation without sacrificing democratic values and security. The regional security architecture must be adapted to be able to face new challenges, regardless of whether they come from conventional or unconventional threats. The integration of technology in foreign policy and defense strategy is key to ensuring stability in the region. Against this background, it is clear that the geopolitical dynamics of Southeast Asia in the digital era are a reflection of rapid change, where technology plays a key role in facilitating interactions between countries and influencing the direction of public policy. The readiness of countries in this region to explore technological potential will determine their future in the global arena.
